There are many people, in America and elsewhere, who decry political processes and don’t see a place for (international) policy decisions in saving wildlife. Too many machinations; too many loopholes to satisfy special interests; too little enforcement. [teaserbreak]
The 17th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has opened this weekend in Johannesburg, South Africa. CITES lists tens of thousands of species on its appendices, mostly plants, either regulating, restricting, or, in some cases, banning international trade in wildlife. There is no stronger or larger international treaty to protect animals from over-exploitation due to international trade.
It was CITES that, in 1989, placed all of Africa’s elephants on Appendix I of the Convention, thus stopping all international trade that was for primarily commercial purposes. There are certainly critics of CITES—those who want more—but, right now, I believe it’s the best game in town.
This week and next, Parties from more than 180 Member nations will debate about the future trade and conservation of African elephants, Asian elephants, rhinos, lions, tigers, cheetahs, pangolins, sharks, turtles, parrots, and trees.
They will decide whether there should be renewed trade in elephant ivory from Namibia and Zimbabwe, and trade in rhino horn from Swaziland’s southern white rhino. They will decide whether to stop the commercial trade in lion parts and products, including the frighteningly destructive lion bone trade. And, they will decide whether to increase protection for all eight species of pangolins, the scales of whom are highly sought after in Asian medicine, leading the pangolin to the dubious distinction of being the world’s most heavily traded mammal.
The simple fact is that consumption of wildlife, wildlife parts, and wildlife products, including live animals, contributes—in some cases significantly—to the decline of wildlife populations. Yes, I know there are other threats. I know about habitat and prey loss. I know about disease. But, I also know that there are ivory traders, lion breeders, rhino “farmers,” cheetah collectors, and consumer after consumer after consumer the world over who will pay to covet these animals.
Keep It Simple, Stupid.
Let’s not allow any new ivory trade and close down domestic ivory markets to dry up the ivory trade—and give elephants a chance. Let’s not allow rhino horn trade at a time when rhino poaching is sky high. Let’s not ignore the responsibility to protect pangolins and tigers simply because the Chinese government may wish to keep scales coming in and tigers being bred for internal (and maybe someday international) trade. Let’s stop the glorification of cheetahs on a leash as pets in the Middle East when the Horn of Africa’s cheetah population has been under intense assault.
There is much to do for sure, and there are foes opposed to acting with (pre)caution, giving the species the benefit of the doubt.
But, this is exactly what is required. When Africa’s elephant population has dipped below 400,000, it is not the time to renew ivory trade and stimulate markets. When Africa’s lion population has fallen to around 20,000 individuals living on 8% of its habitat, it is not the time to stall action.
CITES can be grueling: so many issues affecting so many species, with so many vested interests vying for primacy. Policy decisions do matter. The policies agreed here in Johannesburg this week matter. Quite simply, this is the week to consider the future of wildlife around the world and for CITES Parties to make decisions that keep these animals (and plants) safe.
Keep Wildlife in the Wild,
Adam