Our History

The original inhabitants of the primate sanctuary were a troop of snow monkeys who arrived in Encinal, Texas from Japan in 1972. They were part of a troop that resided in the Arashiyama forest and was observed by behaviorists since 1954. Due to the primatologists’ providing extra food (provisioning) to the monkeys in order to more easily study them, the original troop grew very large and, around 1970, fractured into two distinct troops.

Members of troop “A” soon moved into the Kyoto suburbs in search of food. Because some residents viewed these animals as “pests,” the decision was made to relocate them. A concerned American citizen agreed to pay to transport the group to Encinal, Texas, where a sanctuary was then started. In December 1999, the Animal Protection Institute – which later merged with Born Free USA – took over the management of the Texas Snow Monkey Sanctuary. Since that time, the primate sanctuary has expanded to become a haven for not only descendants of the original trans-located troop, but also monkeys rescued from the pet trade and retired from experimentation or display. Today, the primate sanctuary provides refuge for many species of macaques, vervets, and baboons who were rescued from roadside zoos and private possession or retired from animal experimentation.

The primate sanctuary is also home to a feral cat colony, which lives on a quarter-acre of land. Sanctuary staff provides fresh food, water, and enrichment; and monitors the cats’ health and well-being.

---

Our Philosophy

Monkeys are intelligent animals with complex behavioral and social needs. Companionship, group living, appropriate space, and an enriched environment are all important for their physiological, behavioral, and psychological health.

The focus of animal care at the primate sanctuary is to provide conditions in which the captive populations of macaques, baboons, and vervet species are allowed to live out the remainder of their lives with extensive freedom of movement, choice of food, and choice of companions in accordance with their social nature. We aim to provide a lifelong, high standard of care without being needlessly intrusive. Our facility is unique among U.S. sanctuaries in that it is one of the very few to provide large free-ranging environments that allow the majority of the monkeys to live as natural a life as possible with a minimal amount of human interference.

In order to allow the monkeys privacy in their sanctuary home, and to avoid causing stress and anxiety to some of our previously traumatized monkeys, the primate sanctuary is not open to the public.

---

You Can Help

No matter how a monkey lived before – as a “pet,” in a roadside zoo, or in animal experimentation – at our primate sanctuary, that animal will be able to live out the rest of his or her life in spacious, natural enclosures with ample opportunities for enrichment and socialization. You can support the monkeys in a number of important ways…